Coming into this assignment with very little knowledge on ICT in general, this was always going to be an eye opening experience. Both of my topics surprised me. So many technologies I’d either not heard of or hadn’t linked to education exist and can enhance learning experiences and outcomes for students. For both my topics there are two clear types of technologies. Technologies which enable and technologies which educate.
Technologies which Enable
Distance education courses make use of many technologies which enable to varying degrees. These include those which enable delivery of content, for example email, course management systems (such as Moodle) and videoconferencing. Even satellite technology and broadband etc fall into this category. They also include those which enable interaction. There is quite a bit of overlap with the ICTs which enable delivery of content here, as email and videoconferencing obviously both belong in this category also, as do online student forums. For special needs education, the situation is a little different. In this context enabling technologies primarily aid students in using technology which they would otherwise be unable to use, for example adaptive devices, digitized text programs and text to speech programs.
Technologies which Educate
These are the technologies which can aid in learning. ICTs such as web resources, educational games and online activities in the case of distance education, and interactive virtual environments, educational games, cognitive organisational programs and even small robots in the case of special needs education to name just a few.
Both types of technology are extremely important and require teacher knowledge and training in practical application (for all ICTs) and appropriate pedagogical techniques (particularly important for educational technologies). I was interested to see that the technologies are already available which can help students succeed in a myriad of ways, and the issue is not creating programs, but instead prioritising their use and working out how to most effectively implement them. Obviously, funding is another important issue, affecting schools (online, traditional and specifically for special needs students) and students to varying degrees. So the technology is there – it’s just getting it into action in a pedagogically sound way and finding the funds to make it happen.
I was not expecting to find that the main issues, in my opinion, facing distance education are the same as those facing traditional education, and are not specifically to do with ICT. Appropriate pedagogy, tailoring programs to individual needs and learning styles, adequate resources – these are major issues facing all education, not just distance. The fact that technology could aid in solving many of these problems was not something I necessarily expected either.
The lack of research into the area of special needs education and the minimal attention given to the role of ICT was quite a surprise after reading about the many programs already available and in development. The results from the studies I read were so positive, that I still don’t understand why more emphasis isn’t being put onto this area by Government bodies. The fact that many programs are expensive and require teacher training could explain this to an extent, but with the vast sums of money the government is pumping into schools specifically for ICTs, this explanation does not really make sense.
I would love to see more research into these areas. In the case of special needs education larger scale studies would surely highlight the positive impact ICT can have on students struggling with disabilities. For distance education, studying the effectiveness of various online programs and discovering how best to teach using these resources would not only be beneficial for distance learners, but also have relevance for traditional classrooms.
I have come from a place of total ignorance at the beginning of this assignment and ended with what could be described almost as a sense of wonderment at the role technology can and does play in education for distance and special needs students. I have always believed however, that effective teaching is the key to effective education and my view on this has been solidified. No matter how many possibilities for deep, effective and enjoyable learning technology affords, without teachers who know how to best teach using these resources, their potential will never be fully realised.